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Impact of Design Effects in Large-Scale District and State Assessments
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Phillips, Gary W. – Applied Measurement in Education, 2015
This article proposes that sampling design effects have potentially huge unrecognized impacts on the results reported by large-scale district and state assessments in the United States. When design effects are unrecognized and unaccounted for they lead to underestimating the sampling error in item and test statistics. Underestimating the sampling…
Descriptors: State Programs, Sampling, Research Design, Error of Measurement