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Direct linkSchleicher, Andreas – OECD Publishing, 2019
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning…
Descriptors: Test Results, Test Interpretation, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewedHochbein, Craig – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2012
The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of common assumptions about the rate at which school decline manifests. From a population of 981 elementary schools in the state of Virginia, the author uses three operational definitions of school decline to identify samples of declining schools: Absolute (n = 217), Relational (n = 510), and…
Descriptors: Definitions, Low Achievement, Educational Quality, Elementary Schools
