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Direct linkLangan, Elise S. – European Education, 2008
The French education system was created as a means to uphold the republican principles emanating from the Revolution. The first Article of the 1958 French Constitution says the Republic assures equality before the law of all citizens without distinction of origin or race. Theoretically at least, it is not only forbidden to discriminate, but to…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Policy Analysis, Politics of Education, Equal Education
Osipian, Ararat L. – European Education, 2008
A substantial body of literature considers excessive corruption an indicator of a weak state. However, in nondemocratic societies, corruption--whether informally approved, imposed, or regulated by public authorities--is often an indicator of a vertical power rather than an indicator of a weak state. This article explores the interrelations between…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cheating, Deception, Social Problems
