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Direct linkZhao, Li; Li, Yingying; Qin, Wen; Amemiya, Jamie; Fang, Fang; Compton, Brian J.; Heyman, Gail D. – Child Development, 2022
This research examined the effects of overhearing an adult praise an unseen child for not needing to work hard on an academic task. Five-year-old Han Chinese children (total N = 270 across three studies; 135 boys, collected 2020-2021) who heard this low effort praise tended to devalue effort relative to a baseline condition in which the overheard…
Descriptors: Audiences, Positive Reinforcement, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Communication
Nussenbaum, Kate; Velez, Juan A.; Washington, Bradli T.; Hamling, Hannah E.; Hartley, Catherine A. – Child Development, 2022
Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8-25 year-olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Modeling (Psychology), Expectation, Decision Making
Verseveld, Marloes D. A.; Fekkes, Minne; Fukkink, Ruben G.; Oostdam, Ron J. – Child Development, 2021
This study investigates the effectiveness of the PRIMA antibullying program for elementary education using a cluster-randomized trial with two experimental conditions (with and without student lessons) and a control group. Students of 31 schools participated in the study (N = 3,135; M[subscript age] = 10 years). Multilevel regression analyses…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Bullying, Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers
Eales, Lauren; Gillespie, Sarah; Alstat, Reece A.; Ferguson, Gail M.; Carlson, Stephanie M. – Child Development, 2021
This mixed methods study examined parent-reported child screen media use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining 2019-2020 changes in parent perceptions of media, screen media use (SMU), and problematic media use (PMU) in children aged 2-13 years (N = 129; 64 boys, 64 girls, 1 nonbinary; 90.7% White, 4.6% Hispanic/Latino, 0.8% Black,…
Descriptors: Children, Early Adolescents, Mass Media Use, COVID-19
Xia, Yiwei; Ma, Zhihao – Child Development, 2023
Using psychological network analysis, this study explored the heterogeneity of the network structure between extracurricular time-use and delinquency using a nationally representative longitudinal survey of at-school students in China (N = 10,279, 47.3% female, average age 13.6, 91.2% Han ethnicity). The results are threefold: First, time…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Students, Extracurricular Activities, Time on Task
Gonzalez, Antonya M.; Steele, Jennifer R.; Baron, Andrew S. – Child Development, 2017
Studies with adults suggest that implicit preferences favoring White versus Black individuals can be reduced through exposure to positive Black exemplars. However, it remains unclear whether developmental differences exist in the capacity for these biases to be changed. This study included 369 children and examined whether their implicit racial…
Descriptors: Racial Bias, Children, Age Differences, Child Development
Clegg, Jennifer M.; Wen, Nicole J.; DeBaylo, Paige H.; Alcott, Adam; Keltner, Elena C.; Legare, Cristine H. – Child Development, 2021
Teaching supports the high-fidelity transmission of knowledge and skills. This study examined similarities and differences in caregiver teaching practices in the United States and Vanuatu (N = 125 caregiver and 3- to 8-year-old child pairs) during a collaborative problem-solving task. Caregivers used diverse verbal and nonverbal teaching practices…
Descriptors: Child Caregivers, Early Childhood Teachers, Teacher Student Relationship, Interaction
Gunderson, Elizabeth A.; Gripshover, Sarah J.; Romero, Carissa; Dweck, Carol S.; Goldin-Meadow, Susan; Levine, Susan C. – Child Development, 2013
In laboratory studies, praising children's effort encourages them to adopt incremental motivational frameworks--they believe ability is malleable, attribute success to hard work, enjoy challenges, and generate strategies for improvement. In contrast, praising children's inherent abilities encourages them to adopt fixed-ability…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Toddlers, Positive Reinforcement, Motivation
