Studies have confirmed that fair assessment practices in educational contexts affect learners' motivation, self-regulation, and above all teacher credibility, yet the concept has been subject to educational stakeholders' diverse outlooks and perspectives. On this basis, this study delves into the high school English as Foreign Language (EFL)…

Despite extensive research on antecedents and consequences of counterproductive work behavior (CWB), factors contributing to it in educational settings and teachers have not been adequately addressed. With participants of secondary school teachers working in public schools (270), private schools (302), and other educational institutions (319) in…

This paper explores teachers' experiences of using only Persian language in Iranian schools and its consequences. To do this qualitative method and phenomenological approach was employed. Participants included all teachers of K-12 across Sanandaj and fifteen experienced teachers (8 male and 7 female) were selected via purposive sampling. A…

In recent years, many studies have focused on teachers' conceptions and their effects on instruction and learning. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the level of teacher's conceptions of assessment and comparison between gender and academic qualifications. It utilises a causal-comparative research design to investigate conceptions…

It is important to identify suitable parameters to measure and assess the quality of physical education. This paper aims to understand such measuring tool by focusing on professional perceptions and areas of concern of quality physical education (QPE). The research survey includes data gathered from 799 professionals in 11 cities in Asia. These…

Despite the substantial growth of research on teacher identity construction in real-life contexts, little is known about teachers' online identities, especially their identity shift from real-life to virtual contexts. The present study aimed to address this gap by examining transitions in six teachers' identity construction from personal to online…

This explanatory sequential mixed methods study aimed at exploring the grading decision-making of Iranian English language teachers in terms of the factors used when assigning grades and the rationales behind using those factors. In the preliminary quantitative phase, a questionnaire was issued to 300 secondary school and private institute EFL…

Purpose: The significance of reflective teaching has been widely underscored in the literature. A primary consideration concerning the actualization of teacher reflection is seeking existing challenges to the approach and planning to handle them. This study sought to explore the current status of reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers and…

The purpose of the study was to investigate the simple and multiple relationships between academic optimism and organizational-citizenship behavior amongst high school teachers in Ramhormoz, Iran. The sample consisted of 250 (125 female and 125 male) teachers, selected by stratified random sampling in 2016- 2017. The measurement tools included…

The present study was aimed at exploring English teacher trainers' and pre-service and in-service English teachers' attitudes toward English as a lingua franca (ELF) in the Iranian education system. To amass the data, 68 pre-service and 118 in-service English teachers and 21 teacher trainers filled out an adapted ELF questionnaire and sat…

The purpose of this case study was to examine how one teacher supported her students in making contributions to whole-class discussions in an Iranian classroom. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach and include field notes from all classroom observations and three teacher interviews collected over five weeks in a Year 11 classroom.…

To capture the unique nature of collective teacher efficacy as reflected in ELT settings, the current study attempted to develop and validate a context-specific collective efficacy scale and use it in exploring collective efficacy beliefs in different ELT contexts. To achieve this goal, guided by the related literature, the most prominent…

Research on multigrade in comparison to singlegrade classes often overlooks the issues and challenges facing the nation's educational authorities in administering these classes. The purpose of this study was to compare multi and singlegrade classes in terms of educational efficiency and effectiveness. The population of this study consisted of all…

We investigated Iranian secondary-school English teachers' interpersonal behaviour with a validated culturally-adaptive Iranian version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction. Data were collected from 971 Iranian secondary-school students (398 students participated in the pilot study and 573 students in the main study) and 55 Iranian…

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that investigates what knowledge is and how people know whether they know something (BonJour, 2002). It addresses questions such as: What is knowledge? How do people know if they really have knowledge? What gives a reason for any knowledge that they have? This study aimed at investigating the relationships…