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Luck, Camilla C.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In evaluative conditioning, if one shape (conditional stimulus [CS]; CSp) is paired with pleasant unconditional stimulus (US) images and another (CSu) is paired with unpleasant US images differential CS valence and US expectancy develops, such that participants evaluate the CSp as more pleasant and more predictive of pleasant images than the CSu.…
Descriptors: Learning, Conditioning, Learning Processes, Evaluative Thinking
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Park, Chun Hui J.; Ganella, Despina E.; Kim, Jee Hyun – Learning & Memory, 2017
Anxiety disorders emerge early, and girls are significantly more likely to develop anxiety compared to boys. However, sex differences in fear during development are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated juvenile male and female rats in the relapse behaviors following extinction of conditioned fear. In all experiments, 18-d-old rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Gender Differences, Fear
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Bisby, Madelyne A.; Baker, Kathryn D.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2018
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are considered critical for the consolidation of extinction but recent work challenges this assumption. Namely, NMDARs are not required for extinction retention in infant rats as well as when extinction training occurs for a second time (i.e., reextinction) in adult rats. In this study, a possible third instance of…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Brain
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Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K.; Lovibond, Peter F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments tested whether a peak-shifted generalization gradient could be explained by the averaging of distinct gradients displayed in subgroups reporting different generalization rules. Across experiments using a causal judgment task (Experiment 1) and a fear conditioning paradigm (Experiment 2), we found a close concordance between…
Descriptors: Generalization, Associative Learning, Discrimination Learning, Learning Theories