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Instrumental Learning and Cognitive Flexibility Processes Are Impaired in Children Exposed to Early Life Stress
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Harms, Madeline B.; Shannon Bowen, Katherine E.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D. – Developmental Science, 2018
Children who experience severe early life stress show persistent deficits in many aspects of cognitive and social adaptation. Early stress might be associated with these broad changes in functioning because it impairs general learning mechanisms. To explore this possibility, we examined whether individuals who experienced abusive caregiving in…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Anxiety, Early Experience, Cognitive Processes
Early Adversity and Learning: Implications for Typical and Atypical Behavioral Development
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Hanson, Jamie L.; van den Bos, Wouter; Roeber, Barbara J.; Rudolph, Karen D.; Davidson, Richard J.; Pollak, Seth D. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Children who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes. Methods:…
Descriptors: At Risk Persons, Child Abuse, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems
Stress-Induced Elevation of Oxytocin in Maltreated Children: Evolution, Neurodevelopment, and Social Behavior
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Seltzer, Leslie J.; Ziegler, Toni; Connolly, Michael J.; Prososki, Ashley R.; Pollak, Seth D. – Child Development, 2014
Child maltreatment often has a negative impact on the development of social behavior and health. The biobehavioral mechanisms through which these adverse outcomes emerge, however, are not clear. To better understand the ways in which early life adversity affects subsequent social behavior, changes in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in children…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Child Abuse, Child Development, Metabolism
Emotion Regulation Predicts Attention Bias in Maltreated Children At-Risk for Depression
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Romens, Sarah E.; Pollak, Seth D. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Child maltreatment is associated with heightened risk for depression; however, not all individuals who experience maltreatment develop depression. Previous research indicates that maltreatment contributes to an attention bias for emotional cues, and that depressed individuals show attention bias for sad cues. Method: The present study…
Descriptors: Cues, Child Abuse, Depression (Psychology), Self Control
Physiological Measures of Emotion from a Developmental Perspective: State of the Science
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Dennis, Tracy A.; Buss, Kristin A.; Hastings, Paul D.; Bell, Martha Ann; Diaz, Anjolii; Adam, Emma K.; Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.; Feldman, Ruth; Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Rigterink, Tami; Strang, Nicole M.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D.; Dahl, Ronald E.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Siegle, Greg J.; Beauchaine, Theodore P.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Fox, Nathan A.; Kirwan, Michael; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany; Gunnar, Megan R.; Obradovic, Jelena; Boyce, W. Thomas; Molenaar, Peter C. M.; Gates, Kathleen M. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2012
In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in research examining the development of emotion from a physiological perspective. However, this widespread use of physiological measures to study emotional development coexists with relatively few guiding principles, thus reducing opportunities to move the field forward in innovative ways. The…
Descriptors: Physiology, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Development, Measurement
Development of Perceptual Expertise in Emotion Recognition
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Pollak, Seth D.; Messner, Michael; Kistler, Doris J.; Cohn, Jeffrey F. – Cognition, 2009
How do children's early social experiences influence their perception of emotion-specific information communicated by the face? To examine this question, we tested a group of abused children who had been exposed to extremely high levels of parental anger expression and physical threat. Children were presented with arrays of stimuli that depicted…
Descriptors: Cues, Nonverbal Communication, Child Abuse, Psychological Patterns