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Direct linkHughes, Jan N.; Chen, Qi; Thoemmes, Felix; Kwok, Oi-man – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2010
The association between grade retention in first grade and passing the third grade state accountability tests, the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) reading and math, was investigated in a sample of 769 students who were recruited into the study when they were in first grade. Of these 769 students, 165 were retained in first grade…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Mathematics Tests, High Stakes Tests, Grade 3
Allen, Chiharu S.; Chen, Qi; Willson, Victor L.; Hughes, Jan N. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2009
The present meta-analysis examines the effect of grade retention on academic outcomes and investigates systemic sources of variability in effect sizes. Using multilevel modeling (MLM), the authors investigate characteristics of 207 effect sizes across 22 studies published between 1990 and 2007 at two levels: the study (between) and individual…
Descriptors: Research Design, Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Effect Size
