Recently, there has been a surge of literature on the implementation of translanguaging pedagogy and practices in science education settings. By activating and validating learners' full communicative repertoire, translanguaging holds promise to build an inclusive science learning community where multilingual learners' ways of knowing are not only respected but celebrated and extended. Drawing from the dual synergy between translanguaging and science education on multimodalities and social justice agenda, this systematic review synthesized the key features of empirical research published from 2010 to 2023 that reported translanguaging practices in global K-12 formal and informal science education settings. The results indicated high heterogeneity in the studied socio-geographic landscapes and in the definition, implementation, and implication of translanguaging practices. Analysis of the science sense-making practices indicates some epistemic practices are more widely represented than others, with marginal global differences observed. To maintain and embolden the synergy between science education and translanguaging, our findings recommend increased collaboration between Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and bilingual education and collaboration between teachers and researchers to develop an effective translanguaging environment for science learning.