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Hale Hancer; Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2025
Background: Secondary behaviours, which encompass reactions developed due to an individual's fear and stress about stuttering, have the potential to exacerbate the condition. Therefore, self-evaluation of secondary behaviours is significant in the multidimensional approach for people who stutter (PWS). Aim: To determine the validity and…
Descriptors: Stuttering, Causal Models, Influences, Behavior Rating Scales