Critical thinking (CT) consists of a deliberate and reflective process that can lead to informed decisions. It involves scrutinizing the trustworthiness and consistency of underlying assumptions, the sources of data, and the validity of other information. CT embodies deliberate, self-regulated judgment incorporating cognitive abilities such as…

In science education, epistemic vigilance plays a key role in the development of students' critical thinking by supporting students' abilities to evaluate the expertise level of the source and to evaluate the claim itself, using rigorous scientific standards and appropriate argumentation heuristics. Based on previous studies, which suggested two…

Numerous studies have explored the intricacies of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education, predominantly focusing on developed countries. However, there is a notable gap in examining the hindrances and untapped potential of AI implementation in the higher education sector within the South Asian Global South countries. This study aims to…