Studies remain controversial concerning how enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom relate to foreign language learning (FLL) achievement. There is an inadequacy of synthesis of factors addressing the debate on emotion correlations in the empirical results. Underpinned by the control-value theory (CVT) of achievement emotions, a meta-analysis is conducted…

Chinese culture emphasizes the role of diligence in learning, and thus such educational values are thought to promote a growth mindset--the belief that one's intellectual potential can be improved through investing efforts. Yet, some recent studies found mixed or even opposite trends that Chinese students hold a relatively fixed mindset of…

Background: Recent research has demonstrated the potential of mobile-assisted learning to enhance learners' learning outcomes. In contrast, the learning processes in this regard are much less explored using eye tracking technology. Objective: This systematic review study aims to synthesise the relevant work to reflect the current state of eye…