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Direct linkSarah Ruth Morris; Sarah Clark McKenzie – Educational Forum, 2025
Freshman grades relate to academic outcomes, yet limited research explores which students face the highest risk of course failure. With logit analysis using a five-year Arkansas dataset (n = 164,688), we find that economically disadvantaged ninth-grade students are more likely to fail a course than their more privileged peers. This disparity…
Descriptors: High School Freshmen, Grade 9, Grades (Scholastic), Failure
