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Hui-Fang Shang – Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 2025
Numerous studies have been conducted to improve students' writing performance through flipped instruction. However, some researchers question its effectiveness due to a lack of systematic design. This study aimed to create a flipped writing environment and investigate the effects of EFL students' writing motivation, metacognitive awareness, and…
Descriptors: Flipped Classroom, Writing Instruction, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
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Min Pan; Wei-Ting Hsu – Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2025
Constraints-led approach (CLA) is widely used in physical education (PE). This four-phased study aimed to develop a self-report measurement of students' perceived constraints support in PE. The relationships among students' perceived constraints support, competence and novelty need satisfaction, motivation, effort, and engagement in PE were also…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Student Attitudes, Test Construction, Test Validity