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Direct linkSteven Glazerman; Larissa Campuzano; Nancy Murray – Evaluation Review, 2025
Randomized experiments involving education interventions are typically implemented as cluster randomized trials, with schools serving as clusters. To design such a study, it is critical to understand the degree to which learning outcomes vary between versus within clusters (schools), specifically the intraclass correlation coefficient. It is also…
Descriptors: Educational Experiments, Foreign Countries, Educational Assessment, Research Design
Lei Zhang – Discover Education, 2025
This systematic review presents the first synthesis of the scientific literature on estimating school and teacher/class effects on student academic performance using random-effects (RE) models with three or more levels. The review delves into the theoretical framework underpinning the estimation of educational effects, the associated statistical…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Teacher Effectiveness, School Effectiveness, Content Analysis
