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Zirkel, Perry A.; Irwin, Lauren; Locuniak, Maria N. – Communique, 2023
This next article in the series on evaluation under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) focuses on the common, core responsibility of school psychologists for timely completion of the initial evaluation. For this topic, first is a legal analysis and then a discussion for professional implementation that includes ethical…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Students with Disabilities, Federal Legislation
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
Extended school year (ESY) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has become a more frequent issue as a result of the learning loss and increased needs of some special education students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. School psychologists often play a significant role in implementation of the IDEA requirements specific to ESY.…
Descriptors: Extended School Year, Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Federal Legislation
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
This article highlights the trends in state laws and judicial rulings specific to identification of and interventions for students with dyslexia.
Descriptors: Dyslexia, State Legislation, Equal Education, Educational Legislation
Zirkel, Perry A.; Locuniak, Maria N.; Roberts, Erica S. – Communique, 2023
"Evaluation" under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is among the major responsibilities of school psychologists. This concluding article in the series on evaluation under the IDEA provides legal analysis and professional recommendations related to procedural appropriateness. Specifically, it addresses notices,…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Educational Legislation, Students with Disabilities
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
The purposes of evaluation, as shown in its definition in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act's (IDEA) regulations (2019, § 300.15), concern eligibility and free appropriate public education (FAPE). For the initial evaluation, the focus of the IDEA legislation is to determine whether the child is eligible and, if so, the nature and…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Educational Legislation, Students with Disabilities, Equal Education
Zirkel, Perry A. – Journal of Special Education Leadership, 2023
The confusing variations of terminology that connect "home" with instruction warrant special care in relation to students with disabilities. The underlying core of these varying terms amounts to three distinct placement options in relation to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), here identified as homebound…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Home Instruction, Student Placement, Home Schooling
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2021
When parents of students with disabilities reach impasse with school districts, after exhausting informal interactions and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as facilitated IEP meetings and mediation, what is the next step if they seek a binding third-party decision under the IDEA? The typical answer, especially if the underlying…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Students with Disabilities
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
The peer-reviewed special education literature has included notable attention to the peer-reviewed research (PRR) provision that the 2004 amendments added to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). However, as with the other IDEA issues, the legal accuracy of this translating treatment for special education professionals is subject…
Descriptors: Special Education, Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Students with Disabilities
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2021
After dropping steadily from 2000-2001 to 2013-2014, the percentage of students identified under the IDEA classification of specific learning disabilities (SLD) levelled off and increased slightly until the latest data available (2017-2018; NCES, 2019). Despite the recognition in the IDEA amendments of 2004 of response to intervention (RTI) as…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Students with Disabilities, Educational Legislation, Eligibility
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2021
The purposes of this article are (a) to canvass the current legislation, regulations, and illustrative agency policy interpretations specific to "transition services" under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2018), and (b) to provide an update of the court decisions since the coverage of an earlier overview of the…
Descriptors: Transitional Programs, Equal Education, Educational Legislation, Students with Disabilities
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
For this 22nd article in the series reviewing recent court decisions concerning appropriate school psychology practice from both professional and legal perspectives, the topic is child find and eligibility under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), including as a secondary matter the intersecting requirement for a comprehensive…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Students with Disabilities, Federal Legislation
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2020
Seclusion, used broadly to include time-out (Bon & Zirkel, 2014), and other aversives, such as restraint, continues to be an active area of legal activity, particularly for students with disabilities. The September 2016 issue of "Communiqué" provided an update of the case law specific to school district use of seclusion (Zirkel,…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Discipline, Court Litigation, Constitutional Law
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2022
Although reading remains a priority in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), the basis of the case law primarily is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) due in significant part to its open adjudicative avenue. The purpose of this article is to provide a synthesis of the judicial rulings under the IDEA specific to reading…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Students with Disabilities, Reading Strategies, Teaching Methods
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2020
The purpose of this article is to discuss sources of confusion for school district personnel that have resulted in overidentification (i.e., false positives) and underidentification (i.e., false negatives) of 504-only students. The organizing framework for these sources of confusion is the applicable three-pronged legal definition for eligibility…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Special Needs Students, Disability Identification, Eligibility
Zirkel, Perry A. – Exceptionality, 2022
The special education literature has included a continuing line of articles and chapters that have translated for practitioners the legal meaning of the progress monitoring provisions in the successive versions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This article examines this line of publications in light of the language of the…
Descriptors: Legal Responsibility, Progress Monitoring, Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation