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Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2020
This article provide an analysis of the relevant court decisions from the end of 2016 to the end of 2019 specific to the IDEA [Individuals with Disabilities Education Act] child find obligation. Questions investigated concerned trends with regard to frequency, distribution, and outcomes as well as whether particular factors (such as response to…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Students with Disabilities
Zirkel, Perry A. – Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 2018
Starting with a constructive critique of legal articles in special education journals concerning transition services under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), this article presents an empirical analysis of relevant judicial rulings for the period 1990-2016 that shows a prevailing prodistrict approach that is not otherwise…
Descriptors: Transitional Programs, Educational Legislation, Disabilities, Equal Education
Zirkel, Perry A. – Journal of Special Education, 2017
Exemplifying the insufficient treatment of legal issues in refereed journals in special education and related fields, the limited legal coverage of functional behavioral assessments (FBAs) and behavior intervention plans (BIPs) tends to view the applicable case law through normative lenses. This skewed view characterizes the case law as requiring…
Descriptors: State Legislation, State Policy, Functional Behavioral Assessment, Positive Behavior Supports
Bon, Susan C.; Zirkel, Perry A. – Journal of Special Education Leadership, 2014
During the past two decades, scholars, educators, and special interest organizations, including advocacy groups, have critically examined and debated the ethical and legal use of aversive interventions with individuals with disabilities. These interventions comprise a broad spectrum of behavior management techniques including but not at all…
Descriptors: Timeout, Behavior Problems, Laws, School Law
Zaheer, Imad; Zirkel, Perry A. – Psychology in the Schools, 2014
The many challenges that school psychologists face inevitably include legal issues. In light of the agreement between the two primary professional organizations for school psychologists that understanding of law is a critical competency, this study analyzed the extent of law-based articles in leading school psychology journal articles published…
Descriptors: School Psychologists, Journal Articles, Content Analysis, Legal Problems
Zirkel, Perry A. – Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 2009
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments (ADAA), which went into effect on January 1, 2009, have made major changes in the interpretive standards for student eligibility under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, expanding the pool of eligible students. This new expansionary stage follows an initial phase of awareness raising, which lasted…
Descriptors: Eligibility, Disabilities, Standards, Standard Setting
Zirkel, Perry A.; Gischlar, Karen L. – Journal of Special Education Leadership, 2008
The primary purpose of this article is to track the trend in the number of due process hearings that have been adjudicated under the IDEA (i.e., in which the hearing officer issued a written decision) nationally for the past 15 years. The secondary purpose is to rank order the states by the number of adjudicated hearings both on an overall basis…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Hearings, Disabilities, Special Education