This paper reviews several forces, singly and in interaction, that are producing an impetus for change in both the practice of and training in school psychology. Imperatives for change in professional training and practice are reviewed. (Author)

Assessment of the individual student's instructional environment is critical to comprehensive evaluation of the student's strengths and weaknesses. Through observation and interviews, the Instructional Environment Scale systematically describes the extent to which a student's academic or behavior problems are a function of factors in the…

This paper cites evidence that the word "all" in referring to the education of all children is not being used in the universal sense, and notes that actions have not matched the rhetoric about "all" students. The paper defines the terms "outcomes,""indicators," and "standards." It discusses key issues that arise in talking about outcomes for all…

The authors suggest that efforts to comply with the protection in evaluation procedures provisions of P.L. 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) have been characterized by attempts to identify a single fair test for use with specific groups of minority children, and that such efforts will not result in improved efforts to…

A review of the history and current status of screening and differential diagnosis in the field of learning disabilities concludes that continued efforts at refinements in diagnosis/classification are unproductive. The authors offer a variety of concrete recommendations from a data-based perspective to make appropriate educational experiences…

The national survey of 141 elementary and 79 secondary special education teachers documents current student-teacher ratios and instructional arrangements for students with mild handicaps receiving at least some instruction in the mainstream classroom. Overall the average student-teacher ratio was 4.7:1 with a range of 1:1 to 15:1. Minor…

This monograph reviews issues in research on the effects of using accommodations for students with disabilities who are included in educational assessments, particularly state and district assessments. Following an introductory overview, a section provides background on the need for good research on accommodations. The paper then defines commonly…

This report is the third analysis of state reports conducted by the National Center on Educational Outcomes to determine what types of information are provided on students with disabilities in state education reports. For this analysis, 170 reports were collected between March 1999 and August 1999 from state accountability offices and state…

Initially school personnel tended to select devices with technically adequate reliability and validity. As decision making continued, technically inadequate devices were selected more often. More emphasis on the importance of technically adequate assessment devices is needed in training school professionals. (Author)

A technique called the Instructional Environment System-II is presented as a framework for assessing the performance and learning outcomes of students with disabilities in the context of classroom and home environments and developing an effective instructional program. A case description of a third-grade boy with difficulty in reading and…

The report summarizes findings on evaluation studies conducted over a 6 year period at the Institute for Research on Learning Disabilities. Major findings are highlighted in the first chapter. Findings are grouped under the following topics: current evaluation practices, reading evaluation, spelling evaluation, written expression evaluation, oral…

This report discusses alternate assessments that are to be used in accounting for the performance and progress of students with disabilities who do not participate in typical state assessments. Alternate assessments are data collection procedures used in place of the typical assessment when students cannot take standard forms of assessment. Four…

A survey of 62 Minnesota directors of special education examined 20 issues of school choice pertinent to school districts. Issues listed as important by the most respondents were excess program costs, the effects of enrollment options on the planning process, and the billing of resident districts for special education services. (JDD)

This article discusses what the term "outcomes" encompasses at the national, state, district, and building or classroom level, and provides descriptions of current and proposed strategies for establishing standards and assessing the educational outcomes of students with disabilities. Personal perspectives from national, state, and local educators…

Examination of participation and accommodation policies of all states revealed that in most states the Individualized Education Program team is central in deciding the participation of students with disabilities in state assessments. Testing accommodations are commonly allowed, although there is considerable variability. States generally offer…