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Peer reviewedWoodward, James; Desantis, Susan – Language in Society, 1977
The variable usage of Negative Incorporation as a phonological process in French Sign Language (FSL) and as a grammatical process in American Sign Language (ASL) is described. In addition, the historical continuum between FSL and ASL despite heavy restructuring is shown. (HP)
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Variation, Linguistic Borrowing, Manual Communication
Peer reviewedAllen, Thomas E.; Woodward, James – American Annals of the Deaf, 1987
The analysis of questionnaire responses of 888 teachers of the hearing impaired found that deaf teachers, teachers with less than six years of experience, and junior high and high school teachers reported incorporating fewer English grammatical features in their sign communication than other teachers. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Deafness, Elementary Secondary Education, English, Grammar
Download full textWoodward, James; Markowicz, Harry – 1975
The study of pidgin and creole languages, usually emphasizing oral language codes, offers insights into language, especially as an observably dynamic phenomenon. However, channel is highly influential on the surface form of the language code. Pidgin sign language codes, not dependent on oral language codes, can serve as an ideal forum for the…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Creoles, Deafness, Finger Spelling
