After decades in the political wilderness, school integration seems poised to make a serious comeback as an education reform strategy. A growing number of parents, university officials, and employers want elementary and secondary schools to better prepare students for the increasingly racially and ethnically diverse society and the global economy. But for reasons that cannot be explained, the demands of this large segment of Americans have yet to resonate with most of the federal, state, or local policymakers. Instead, over the past forty years, these policy makers have completely ignored issues of racial segregation while focusing almost exclusively on high-stakes accountability, even as schools have become increasingly segregated and unequal. This report argues that, as K-12 student population becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, the time is right for political leaders to pay more attention to the evidence, intuition, and common sense that supports the importance of racially and ethnically diverse educational settings to prepare the next generation. It highlights in particular the large body of research that demonstrates the important educational benefits--cognitive, social, and emotional--for all students who interact with classmates from different backgrounds, cultures, and orientations to the world. This research legitimizes the intuition of millions of Americans who recognize that, as the nation becomes more racially and ethnically complex, schools should reflect that diversity and tap into the benefits of these more diverse schools to better educate all students for the twenty-first century. The advocates of racially integrated schools understand that much of the recent racial tension and unrest in this nation--from Ferguson to Baltimore to Staten Island--may well have been avoided if more children had attended schools that taught them to address implicit biases related to racial, ethnic, and cultural differences. This report supports this argument beyond any reasonable doubt. In this report, the authors review the research and reasons why, in the field of education in particular, policy makers should listen to the growing demand for more diverse public schools. Drawing on the research from both higher education and K-12 education, the authors demonstrate that there are important educational benefits to learning in environments with peers who grew up on the other side of the racial divide in this country. Indeed, in recent years, most of this research on the "educational benefits of diversity" has been conducted in colleges and universities and then put forth as powerful evidence to support affirmative action in higher education.