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Longitudinal Theory of Mind (ToM) Development from Preschool to Adolescence with and without ToM Delay
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Peterson, Candida C.; Wellman, Henry M. – Child Development, 2019
Longitudinal tracking of 107 three- to-thirteen-year-olds in a cross-sequential design showed a 6-step theory of mind (ToM) sequence identified by a few past cross-sectional studies validly depicted longitudinal ToM development from early to middle childhood for typically developing (TD) children and those with ToM delays owing to deafness or…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Child Development, Longitudinal Studies, Autism
Sequence of Theory-of-Mind Acquisition in Turkish Children from Diverse Social Backgrounds
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Selcuk, Bilge; Brink, Kimberly A.; Ekerim, Muge; Wellman, Henry M. – Infant and Child Development, 2018
We examined the sequence of theory of mind (ToM) acquisition in 260 Turkish children (Mage = 53.36 months, SD = 10.37) and the demographic factors associated with it. Children came from 5 different cities in Turkey. Their ToM skills were measured using ToM Scale, which probes various mental state understandings from diverse desires to hidden…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Gender Differences, Socioeconomic Status, Foreign Countries
Approaching an Understanding of Omniscience from the Preschool Years to Early Adulthood
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Lane, Jonathan D.; Wellman, Henry M.; Evans, E. Margaret – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Individuals in many cultures believe in omniscient (all-knowing) beings, but everyday representations of omniscience have rarely been studied. To understand the nature of such representations requires knowing how they develop. Two studies examined the breadth of knowledge (i.e., types of knowledge) and depth of knowledge (i.e., amount of knowledge…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Elementary School Students, Adults, Age Differences
Relations between Temperament and Theory of Mind Development in the United States and China: Biological and Behavioral Correlates of Preschoolers' False-Belief Understanding
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Lane, Jonathan D.; Wellman, Henry M.; Olson, Sheryl L.; Miller, Alison L.; Wang, Li; Tardif, Twila – Developmental Psychology, 2013
The emotional reactivity hypothesis holds that, over the course of phylogeny, the selection of animals with less reactive temperaments supported the development of sophisticated social-cognitive skills in several species, including humans (Hare, 2007). In the ontogenetic human case, an emotional reactivity hypothesis predicts that children with…
Descriptors: Withdrawal (Psychology), Shyness, Interpersonal Competence, Preschool Children
Sequential Progressions in a Theory-of-Mind Scale: Longitudinal Perspectives
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Wellman, Henry M.; Fang, Fuxi; Peterson, Candida C. – Child Development, 2011
Consecutive retestings of 92 U.S. preschoolers (n = 30), Chinese preschoolers (n = 31), and deaf children (n = 31) examined whether the sequences of development apparent in cross-sectional results with a theory-of-mind scale also appeared in longitudinal assessment. Longitudinal data confirmed that theory-of-mind progressions apparent in…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Deafness, Age Differences, Measures (Individuals)
Observant, Nonaggressive Temperament Predicts Theory-of-Mind Development
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Wellman, Henry M.; Lane, Jonathan D.; LaBounty, Jennifer; Olson, Sheryl L. – Developmental Science, 2011
Temperament dimensions influence children's approach to and participation in social interactive experiences which reflect and impact children's social understandings. Therefore, temperament differences might substantially impact theory-of-mind development in early childhood. Using longitudinal data, we report that certain early temperament…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Personality Traits, Predictor Variables, Child Development