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Direct linkSelcuk, Bilge; Brink, Kimberly A.; Ekerim, Muge; Wellman, Henry M. – Infant and Child Development, 2018
We examined the sequence of theory of mind (ToM) acquisition in 260 Turkish children (Mage = 53.36 months, SD = 10.37) and the demographic factors associated with it. Children came from 5 different cities in Turkey. Their ToM skills were measured using ToM Scale, which probes various mental state understandings from diverse desires to hidden…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Gender Differences, Socioeconomic Status, Foreign Countries
Liu, David; Wellman, Henry M.; Tardif, Twila; Sabbagh, Mark A. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Theory of mind is claimed to develop universally among humans across cultures with vastly different folk psychologies. However, in the attempt to test and confirm a claim of universality, individual studies have been limited by small sample sizes, sample specificities, and an overwhelming focus on Anglo-European children. The current meta-analysis…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Asians, North Americans, Cognitive Development
Shahaeian, Ameneh; Peterson, Candida C.; Slaughter, Virginia; Wellman, Henry M. – Developmental Psychology, 2011
To examine cultural contrasts in the ordered sequence of conceptual developments leading to theory of mind (ToM), we compared 135 3- to 6-year-olds (77 Australians; 58 Iranians) on an established 5-step ToM scale (Wellman & Liu, 2004). There was a cross-cultural difference in the sequencing of ToM steps but not in overall rates of ToM mastery.…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Measures (Individuals), Cultural Differences, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewedTardif, Twila; Wellman, Henry M. – Developmental Psychology, 2000
Mental state language was examined in Mandarin- speaking and Cantonese-speaking toddlers. Results suggested that theory-of-mind development was similar to that in English, with early use of desire terms followed by other mental state references. Much earlier emergence of desire terms and infrequent use of thinking terms suggests cultural…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cantonese, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
