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Lane, Jonathan D.; Wellman, Henry M.; Olson, Sheryl L.; Miller, Alison L.; Wang, Li; Tardif, Twila – Developmental Psychology, 2013
The emotional reactivity hypothesis holds that, over the course of phylogeny, the selection of animals with less reactive temperaments supported the development of sophisticated social-cognitive skills in several species, including humans (Hare, 2007). In the ontogenetic human case, an emotional reactivity hypothesis predicts that children with…
Descriptors: Withdrawal (Psychology), Shyness, Interpersonal Competence, Preschool Children
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Wellman, Henry M.; Fang, Fuxi; Peterson, Candida C. – Child Development, 2011
Consecutive retestings of 92 U.S. preschoolers (n = 30), Chinese preschoolers (n = 31), and deaf children (n = 31) examined whether the sequences of development apparent in cross-sectional results with a theory-of-mind scale also appeared in longitudinal assessment. Longitudinal data confirmed that theory-of-mind progressions apparent in…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Deafness, Age Differences, Measures (Individuals)
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Liu, David; Wellman, Henry M.; Tardif, Twila; Sabbagh, Mark A. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Theory of mind is claimed to develop universally among humans across cultures with vastly different folk psychologies. However, in the attempt to test and confirm a claim of universality, individual studies have been limited by small sample sizes, sample specificities, and an overwhelming focus on Anglo-European children. The current meta-analysis…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Asians, North Americans, Cognitive Development
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Shahaeian, Ameneh; Peterson, Candida C.; Slaughter, Virginia; Wellman, Henry M. – Developmental Psychology, 2011
To examine cultural contrasts in the ordered sequence of conceptual developments leading to theory of mind (ToM), we compared 135 3- to 6-year-olds (77 Australians; 58 Iranians) on an established 5-step ToM scale (Wellman & Liu, 2004). There was a cross-cultural difference in the sequencing of ToM steps but not in overall rates of ToM mastery.…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Measures (Individuals), Cultural Differences, Foreign Countries