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Cortis, Cathleen; Dent, Kevin; Kennett, Steffan; Ward, Geoff – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
When participants are presented with a short list of unrelated words and they are instructed that they may recall in any order, they nevertheless show a very strong tendency to recall in forward serial order. Thus, if asked to recall "in any orde"r: "hat, mouse, tea, stairs," participants often respond "hat, mouse, tea,…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Verbal Stimuli, Serial Ordering, Speech
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Spurgeon, Jessica; Ward, Geoff; Matthews, William J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
We examined the contribution of the phonological loop to immediate free recall (IFR) and immediate serial recall (ISR) of lists of between one and 15 words. Following Baddeley (1986, 2000, 2007, 2012), we assumed that visual words could be recoded into the phonological store when presented silently but that recoding would be prevented by…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Word Lists, Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processes