Described is a pre-1970 history of the participation of women in science and engineering, including numbers for women enrolling in college in these two fields. A discussion of opportunities for employment and advancement, and salary differentials for men and women prior to 1970, is included. Opportunities for publication, reemployment, and assignment to prestigious committees are discussed as examples of practices discriminatory to women. Enrollment numbers for 1974 are cited for science and engineering and of undergraduate and graduate degrees with a breakdown of women's participation. Surveys of new graduates hired by industry are summarized. Included is a discussion of demand and supply in the present job market. Positive predictions, particularly favorable for women, are made regarding job opportunities for future graduates in both areas. (CS)