"Frame alignment"--the conscious process of creating correspondence between one's own "frame" (ways of making meaning out circumstances) and someone else's--is a necessary condition for participation in organized social movements. Frame alignment processes may offer a generative and useful alternative to the reductive stereotyping of Aristotelian-derived "writing for audience" while serving as a type of heuristic for writing arguments in first- and second-year college composition courses. Conventional instruction in locating and deploying types of evidence does little to suggest how assent might be fostered. Frame alignment processes, however, particularly those of value and belief amplification, offer something of a heuristic for constructing audience. As an interpretive framework for reading arguments in process, the methods of frame alignment, through their focus on points of congruence among interpretive frames, may offer the potential to reinforce the empathic "listening" derived from Carl Rogers' experience with clinical therapy. Frame alignment theory recommends a pedagogical and discursive practice that figures frame extension--the effort to engage, critique, and embrace diverse interests or points of view--as a rhetorical principle. (An appendix describes frames and frame alignment principles.) (RS)