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Differentiated Jurisprudence? Examining Students' Fourth Amendment Court Decisions by Region of Country
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Torres, Mario S., Jr. – Journal of School Leadership, 2012
This study examined federal and state court decisions related to student Fourth Amendment rights following the "New Jersey v. T.L.O." ruling in 1985. There has been minimal research in judicial treatment of students' Fourth Amendment rights across regions of the country and less to what extent regional rulings implicitly or explicitly…
Descriptors: Cues, Court Litigation, State Courts, Federal Courts
Investigating Fourth Amendment Judicial Outcomes across Contrasting Minority School Settings: Subjectivity in Disciplinary Decision Making in Diverse Settings?
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Torres, Mario S., Jr.; Callahan, Jamie L. – Education and Urban Society, 2008
This study explores the court system's treatment of students' Fourth Amendment rights in cases emerging from contrasting minority school settings and whether discrepancies exist in case outcomes between these extremes. From virtually every search and seizure case that occurred between the 1985 U.S. Supreme Court case in "New Jersey v.…
Descriptors: Courts, Search and Seizure, Court Litigation, Psychological Patterns
Demographics and Police Involvement: Implications for Student Civil Liberties and Just Leadership
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Torres, Mario S., Jr.; Stefkovich, Jacqueline A. – Educational Administration Quarterly, 2009
Purpose: A factor largely overlooked amid the press for greater security in schools is the extent to which law enforcement participates in search and seizure and the implications such actions carry for student civil liberties. As case law suggests, police engaged in school searches may be held to the probable cause standard or the more flexible…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Law Enforcement, Police, Intervention
The Demographics of Justice: Student Searches, Student Rights, and Administrator Practices.
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Stefkovich, Jacqueline A.; Torres, Mario S., Jr. – Educational Administration Quarterly, 2003
Uses combination of legal research, policy analysis, and quantitative research to examine the impact of two Supreme Court decisions, "New Jersey v. T.L.O" and "Vernonia v. Acton," on student Fourth Amendment protection from unreasonable search and seizure. (Contains 1 table, 4 figures, 87 references)(PKP)
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Justice