Faculty activities having a scholarly or professional quality are examined. Such scholarly work is defined as activities in professional practice that use, to some degree, doctoral research training, applying professional research competencies; this is seen to encompass much more than publication efforts. A list of 80 related activities was developed and rated, by the extent to which doctoral training is used in each, by a panel of professionals. The activities were further categorized into subcategories and into two "domains": External Disciplinary-Colleague (EDC) and Institutional-Local-Community (ILC). It was hypothesized that faculty with more publications perform EDC activities more than lower-publication faculty, and that lower-publication faculty perform more ILC activities. A sample of 335 Ph.D. faculty in either chemistry or psychology at 44 selective institutions were surveyed by questionnaire. The first hypothesis was borne out, but the second was not; high-publishing faculty also had higher ILC scores. It is concluded that publication rates reflect not only research efforts but general energy level of the faculty member; however, they also omit and thereby obscure significant areas of professional behavior, and need to be brought into perspective. (MSE)