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Tindal, Gerald; Nese, Joseph F. T.; Stevens, Joseph J. – Educational Assessment, 2017
For the past decade, the accountability model associated with No Child Left Behind (NCLB) emphasized proficiency on end of year tests; with Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) the emphasis on proficiency within statewide testing programs, though now integrated with other measures of student learning, nevertheless remains a primary metric for…
Descriptors: Testing Programs, Middle School Students, Models, State Standards