Descriptor
| Coding | 1 |
| Cognitive Processes | 1 |
| Decoding (Reading) | 1 |
| Elementary School Students | 1 |
| Intermediate Grades | 1 |
| Learning Disabilities | 1 |
| Phonology | 1 |
| Reading Comprehension | 1 |
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| Intelligence | 1 |
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| Berninger, Virginia | 1 |
| Swanson, H. Lee | 1 |
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| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
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Peer reviewedSwanson, H. Lee; Berninger, Virginia – Intelligence, 1995
Results of two experiments involving 206 upper elementary school students supported the hypothesis that less-skilled readers suffer working memory deficits that contribute to comprehension problems independent of their problems in phonological coding. Results also suggest that constraints in an executive system may contribute to reading…
Descriptors: Coding, Cognitive Processes, Decoding (Reading), Elementary School Students
