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Swain, Merrill; And Others – 1974
Elicited imitation occurs in an experimental situation during which subjects are requested to repeat a model sentence constructed so as to include specific desired grammatical structures. Elicited translation involves giving subjects a sentence in one language, and asking them to say the same thing, but in another language; elicited translation…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Comprehension, Data Collection, Imitation

Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Language Learning, 1977
Some empirical data are presented concerning the use of cloze tests to measure children's proficiency in a bilingual educational program. The subjects were grade five students in their sixth year of a primary French immersion program. (Author/CFM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Cloze Procedure, Elementary Education, English

Harley, Birgit; Swain, Merrill – 1977
This pilot study investigates the performance in French of five English-speaking children, who are enrolled in their sixth year of a primary French immersion program in a Toronto elementary school. From speech data obtained in individual interviews, an analysis is made of the students' control of the French verb system. The subjects are found to…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Elementary Education

Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Modern Language Journal, 1989
A review of the research on Canadian immersion programs supports two notions regarding second language learning: (1) older learners may have as much learning success as younger learners, and in a shorter time period; and (2) integration of content teaching and language teaching is paramount in effective second language instruction. (29 references)…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Adult Students, Age Differences, Comparative Analysis
Swain, Merrill; And Others – 1989
Several research and evaluation studies completed in bilingual education programs for language minority children in Canada are presented to support the claim that heritage, or first, language (HL) literacy plays an important role in the acquisition of a third language. A study completed by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Case Studies, Comparative Analysis, English (Second Language)
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