This two-volume report, and Summary of Key Findings, presents findings from the congressionally mandated National Assessment of Title I on the implementation and impact of the program. Volume I contains key findings on the implementation of the program under No Child Left Behind, and Volume II [see ED499018] presents a report on follow-up findings from Closing the Reading Gap, an evaluation of the impact of supplemental remedial reading programs on achievement of 3rd and 5th grade students. This report constitutes Volume I of the 2007 "Report on the National Assessment of Title I" and focuses on implementation of key Title I provisions including the following: (1) Characteristics of Title I participants and services for students in private schools; (2) Targeting and uses of Title I funds; (3) Trends in student achievement on state assessments and on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP); (4) Implementation of state assessment systems; (5) Accountability and support for school improvement; (6) Title I school choice and supplemental educational services; and (7) Teacher quality and professional development. The report draws on data from two Department evaluations of NCLB implementation, the National Longitudinal Study of NCLB, and the Study of State Implementation of Accountability and Teacher Quality Under NCLB, both of which collected data in the 2004-05 school year. The report also includes data from other evaluation studies, state performance reports, NAEP, and other sources. The following are appended: (1) Description of Major Data Sources Used in This Report; (2) Supplemental Exhibits; and (3) Standard Error Tables. (Contains 120 exhibits and 294 endnotes.) [This report was prepared for the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences (IES) by the Policy and Program Studies Service, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development.]