While "NCLB" has generally succeeded in its intent, the flexibility it provides has led to a fragmented accountability system across states, resulting in different expectations for students and teachers and some unintended behaviors. District and school improvement activities have occurred, but progress to date suggests that the goal of 100 percent proficiency in reading and mathematics by 2014 is unattainable. Parents have not responded in great numbers either to school choice or to receiving supplemental educational services options. [This research brief was written with Paul Steinberg.]