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The Ethics of Gatekeeping Tests: What Have We Learned in a Hundred Years?
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Spolsky, Bernard – Language Testing, 1997
Argues that tests have always been used as a means of political and social control. Maintains that test results are unreliable, especially at the extremes, that their predictive power is weak and that language testers need to be skeptical and need to insist on complete information on candidates' backgrounds for selection decision making. (10…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Error Analysis (Language), Ethics, Language Proficiency
The Navajo Reading Study: An Illustration of the Scope and Nature of Educational Linguistics.
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Spolsky, Bernard – 1972
It is the task of educational linguistics to describe and analyze language education in all aspects. With respect to the Navajo Reading Study, it is within the realm of educational linguistics to develop and make available information that will permit the Navaho people, working through their own institutions, to make informed decisions about…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Bilingual Education, Child Language, Diglossia