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Sparks, Richard; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Language Learning, 2009
This study investigated the relationship of first language (L1) skills in elementary school and second language (L2) learning in high school. Students classified as high-, average-, and low-proficiency L2 learners were compared on L1 achievement measures of reading, spelling, vocabulary, phonological awareness, and listening comprehension…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension, Spelling, Phonological Awareness, Decoding (Reading)
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Ganschow, Leonore; Sparks, Richard – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1995
This study examined the effects of direct instruction in the phonology/orthography of Spanish on the native language skills and foreign language aptitude of 14 high school women at risk for foreign language learning problems. Pretest/posttest comparisons with students not at risk showed that subjects made significantly greater gains on…
Descriptors: Females, High Risk Students, Instructional Effectiveness, Language Aptitude