Disengaged responding is a phenomenon that often biases observed scores from achievement tests and surveys in practically and statistically significant ways. This problem has led to the development of methods to detect and correct for disengaged responses on both achievement test and survey scores. One major disadvantage when trying to detect…

As computer-based tests become more common, there is a growing wealth of metadata related to examinees' response processes, which include solution strategies, concentration, and operating speed. One common type of metadata is item response time. While response times have been used extensively to improve estimates of achievement, little work…