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Direct linkJongejan, Wilma; Verhoeven, Ludo; Siegel, Linda S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007
This study examined the basic literacy skills and related processes of 1st- through 4th-grade children speaking English as a 1st language (L1) and English as a 2nd language (ESL). The performances of the L1 and ESL children on phonological awareness, word and pseudoword reading, and word and pseudoword spelling tasks were highly similar. The ESL…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Spelling, Phonology, Memory
