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Direct linkShohamy, Elana – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2022
The paper reports on trends in language testing taking place over the years and aim at critical perspectives of testing and promoting inclusion, equity and justice. It begins with critical theories by Messick, Foucault and Bourdieu, leading to critical language testing (CLT) which focused on consequences and uses of tests. Given the power of tests…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Testing, Multilingualism, Social Justice
Shohamy, Elana – Modern Language Journal, 2011
All assessment policies and practices are based on monolingual constructs whereby test-takers are expected to demonstrate their language proficiency in one language at a time. Thus, the construct underlying these assessment approaches and/or scales (e.g., the CEFR) is of language as a closed and finite system that does not enable other languages…
Descriptors: Testing, Language Tests, Multilingualism, Ideology
Shohamy, Elana – Language and Intercultural Communication, 2013
While much of the work in language testing is concerned with constructing quality tests in order to measure language knowledge in reliable and valid ways, there has been a significant movement in language testing research that examines tests in the context of their use in education and society. This line of research exits from the notion that…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Testing, Evaluation Research, Ideology
Shohamy, Elana – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2008
In the past decade, major attention has been given to the power of tests and to the pivotal roles tests play in societies in shaping the definitions of language, affecting learning and teaching, and maintaining and creating social class. Accordingly, the quality of tests is not judged merely by their psychometric traits but also in relation to…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Social Class, Testing, Language Tests
Shohamy, Elana; Kanza, Tzahi – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2009
This article discusses citizenship policies in Israel within the context of language, ideology, and nationalism. According to the "Law of Return", Jewish immigrants are entitled to be granted citizenship with no prior conditions; Arabs who were living in Palestine in 1948 (the time the state was founded) and their children are entitled…
Descriptors: Semitic Languages, Official Languages, Foreign Countries, Jews
Shohamy, Elana – Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2007
This paper contextualizes language tests in relation to educational and national language policies by demonstrating how these language measures may be used as mechanisms for affecting "de facto" language policies. This phenomenon is of special relevance given current controversies in nation states between multilingual and multicultural realities…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Ideology, Rating Scales, Official Languages
