The purpose of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) is to investigate the changing ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens across a wide range of countries. This assessment framework provides a conceptual underpinning for the international instrumentation for ICCS 2022. It needs to identify and define those aspects of cognitive and affective-behavioral content that should be considered important learning outcomes of civic and citizenship education, as well as contextual factors that are setting the context for students' civic learning. The ICCS 2022 assessment framework consists of four parts: (1) the civic knowledge framework (describing aspects to be addressed when measuring students' civic knowledge and understanding); (2) the civic attitudes and engagement framework (describing the affective-behavioral constructs to be measured); (3) the contextual framework (outlining the relevant context factors measured through student, teacher, school, and national contexts questionnaires necessary to understand cognitive and affective-behavioral learning outcomes); and (4) the assessment design (describing the coverage of framework domains, the different item types, the assessment design, features of computer-enhanced measurement used in the international option of a computer-based delivery, and the expected cognitive, affective-behavioral and contextual indices). The framework also includes appendices with information about staff and institutions involved in ICCS 2022, key terms related to the civic knowledge framework, information on the described levels of civic knowledge, and examples of ICCS 2022 test items. [This framework was created in collaboration with Laboratorio di Pedagogia Sperimentale (LPS) at the Roma Tre University, Rome and LUMSA University of Rome.]