The diverse planning approaches used by the five institutions of higher education described in the previous five articles (HE 527 556-560) discuss the role of differences in institutional cultures and issues. Such differences must be taken into account in the design of the planning process, implementing plans, and evaluating benefits. (DB)

Results of a study of college planning activities and processes are presented and discussed. The study investigated the trends in planning and institutional planning activities, based on a survey of the literature and of administrators, including site visits and interviews with key leaders in the field. (MSE)

The 3-year study examined the broad array of practices colleges and universities employ to define their character and determine future courses of action. Administrators at 256 institutions were surveyed regarding planning orientations and perspectives. Additionally, site visits were made to 16 campuses, where about 15 individuals were interviewed…

This study examined major issues of restructuring and cost containment confronting graduate/research universities and the application of strategic planning to these issues. The study obtained data from a survey of administrators at 35 selected "Research I Universities" and site visits to six public and four independent universities at…