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Elaboration during Problem-Based Group Discussion: Effects on Recall for High and Low Ability Students
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Van Blankenstein, Floris M.; Dolmans, Diana H. J. M.; Van der Vleuten, Cees P. M.; Schmidt, Henk G. – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2013
Although elaboration has been investigated frequently, there is little evidence for the beneficial effect of elaboration in problem-based learning. A controlled experiment tested the effect of elaboration during problem-based discussion on recall. Sixty-seven students observed a video-recorded, problem-based discussion. In one experimental…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Group Discussion, Video Technology, Recall (Psychology)
Which Cognitive Processes Support Learning during Small-Group Discussion? The Role of Providing Explanations and Listening to Others
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van Blankenstein, Floris M.; Dolmans, Diana H. J. M.; van der Vleuten, Cees P. M.; Schmidt, Henk G. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2011
Seventy students participated in an experiment to measure the effects of either providing explanations or listening during small group discussions on recall of related subject-matter studied after the discussion. They watched a video of a small group discussing a problem. In the first experimental condition, the video was stopped at various points…
Descriptors: Group Discussion, Recall (Psychology), Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes
The Relationships between Problem Characteristics, Achievement-Related Behaviors, and Academic Achievement in Problem-Based Learning
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Sockalingam, Nachamma; Rotgans, Jerome I.; Schmidt, Henk G. – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2011
This study investigated the influence of five problem characteristics on students' achievement-related classroom behaviors and academic achievement. Data from 5,949 polytechnic students in PBL curricula across 170 courses were analyzed by means of path analysis. The five problem characteristics were: (1) problem clarity, (2) problem familiarity,…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Academic Achievement, Student Behavior, College Students
Relevant Prior Knowledge Moderates the Effect of Elaboration during Small Group Discussion on Academic Achievement
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Van Blankenstein, Floris M.; Dolmans, Diana H. J. M.; Van der Vleuten, Cees P. M.; Schmidt, Henk G. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2013
This study set out to test whether relevant prior knowledge would moderate a positive effect on academic achievement of elaboration during small-group discussion. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, 66 undergraduate students observed a video showing a small-group problem-based discussion about thunder and lightning. In the video, a teacher asked…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Academic Achievement, Small Group Instruction, Discussion Groups
What Do We Know about Cognitive and Motivational Effects of Small Group Tutorials in Problem-Based Learning?
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Dolmans, Diana H. J. M.; Schmidt, Henk G. – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2006
Students collaborating in small groups is a characteristic of problem-based learning (PBL) that is receiving increased consideration in the literature. In this paper findings from studies in this area are synthesized and discussed. A distinction is made between studies focusing on cognitive effects of group learning and studies focusing on…
Descriptors: Group Discussion, Problem Based Learning, Prior Learning, Teaching Methods
Effects of Problem-based Discussion on Studying a Subsequent Text: A Randomized Trial among First Year Medical Students.
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de Grave, Willem S.; Schmidt, Henk G.; Boshuizen, Henny P. A. – Instructional Science, 2001
Describes a study of first-year medical students that tested the effects of problem-based tutorial group discussion on learning new information from a text. Highlights include effects of small-group instruction on cognition; randomized experimental and control groups; recall; and results that showed the positive effects of problem-based group…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Control Groups, Experimental Groups, Group Discussion
Processes That Shape Small-Group Tutorial Learning: A Review of Research.
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Schmidt, Henk G.; Moust, Jos H. C. – 1998
This paper examines research on students' learning in small tutorial groups, highlighting: (1) cognitive processes elicited by small group discussion and their effects on achievement; and (2) the influence of tutors on student learning. The studies examined problem based learning (PBL) in small groups in high schools and universities. Researchers…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Foreign Countries, Group Discussion