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| Age Differences | 3 |
| Expectation | 3 |
| Attribution Theory | 2 |
| Cognitive Development | 2 |
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| Child Development | 3 |
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| Ruble, Diane N. | 3 |
| Nakamura, Charles Y. | 1 |
| Parsons, Jacquelynne E. | 1 |
| Schuster, Beate | 1 |
| Weinert, Franz E. | 1 |
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Peer reviewedSchuster, Beate; Ruble, Diane N.; Weinert, Franz E. – Child Development, 1998
Two studies examined the positivity bias in children of different ages. Findings indicated that children from grade two and up selected the correct cause(s) when the effect covaried with only one cause, but only at a later age when covariation with two causes was presented. Ability estimations and expectation of success were more positive in…
Descriptors: Ability, Age Differences, Attribution Theory, Bias
Peer reviewedParsons, Jacquelynne E.; Ruble, Diane N. – Child Development, 1977
The relation between past history of outcomes and achievement expectancies was examined for 72 elementary school students. (JMB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attribution Theory, Cognitive Development, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedRuble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – Child Development, 1973
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Expectation
