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| Language Role | 3 |
| Second Language Learning | 3 |
| Sociolinguistics | 3 |
| Bilingualism | 2 |
| Immigrants | 2 |
| Nonstandard Dialects | 2 |
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| Social Influences | 2 |
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| Language Learning | 1 |
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| Richards, Jack C. | 3 |
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Peer reviewedRichards, Jack C. – Language Learning, 1972
Earlier version of this paper presented at the Modern Language Center, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Canada. (RS)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Creoles, English (Second Language), Immigrants
Richards, Jack C. – 1978
From a consideration of variability in language-learner and language-user data, the concept of proficiency is considered in relation to models of second and foreign language learning. Proficiency is defined in relation to four separate dimensions: grammatical well-formedness, speech-act rules, functional elaboration, and code diversity. This…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Cultural Influences, English, English (Second Language)
Download full textRichards, Jack C. – 1972
The conditions for the acquisition of communicative competence in standard English must be considered in the case of language learning by immigrants, indigenous minority language groups, and speakers of Black English. The crucial factor in language learning is the relationship between the minority group and the local society. Among immigrant…
Descriptors: American Indians, Bilingualism, Black Dialects, Economic Factors
