What mental computation and estimation are, what is known from research about each process, and what can help students develop these skills are discussed. (MNS)

After summing up the current status related to estimation and mental computation, what needs to be done to promote increased instruction on these topics is discussed. (MNS)

The history of mental computation in the elementary school curriculum is briefly described, followed by discussion of the benefits of mental computation. How thinking skills are enhanced is then illustrated. (MNS)

A study of 255 fifth graders and 177 eighth graders from 12 randomly chosen Mexican schools was conducted to identify and characterize the students' computational estimation skills and strategies. Data from computational estimation tests and selected interviews revealed that Mexican students employed general estimation processes similar to U.S.…

Examined elementary and junior high school students in grades 2, 5, and 7 to determine baseline data about student performance on mental computation. Reports performance levels, difficulties of different types of mental computation, and preferences for doing computations mentally, with calculators, or by hand for each grade level. (MDH)

While the emphasis and content of school mathematics differ little between Japan and America, by the time students reach junior high school, performance as measured by international studies differs greatly. This report provides a profile of the attitudes toward, strategies used, and performance on mental computation of Japanese students in grades…