This paper has been written specifically from two perspectives. First, because of the research and professional activity carried out by the author in the field for over forty years. Second, as a consequence of the author chairing the National Behaviour and Attendance Review (NBAR) in Wales and writing the subsequent Report (NBAR 2008), as well as being involved in subsequent follow up activities. Given this unique expertise, it seemed appropriate to reflect upon how school attendance rates could be improved and truancy reduced. In order to achieve this task the author first reflects on key issues in the published data before considering the implications from a strategic and managerial perspective. Finally, a short action plan is presented which could be followed by national governments or local authorities alike, whilst the fundamental principles are relevant for teachers, schools and local authorities as well as for pointing the way forward for future research.