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Download full textReardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2018
I use standardized test scores from roughly 45 million students to describe the temporal structure of educational opportunity in over 11,000 school districts--almost every district in the US. For each school district, I construct two measures: the average academic performance of students in grade 3 and the within-cohort growth in test scores from…
Descriptors: Educational Opportunities, Standardized Tests, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains
