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Download full textReardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2018
I use standardized test scores from roughly 45 million students to describe the temporal structure of educational opportunity in over 11,000 school districts--almost every district in the US. For each school district, I construct two measures: the average academic performance of students in grade 3 and the within-cohort growth in test scores from…
Descriptors: Educational Opportunities, Standardized Tests, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains
Reardon, Sean F.; Greenberg, Erica; Kalogrides, Demetra; Shores, Kenneth A.; Valentino, Rachel A. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2012
The authors' goals in this study are to use both the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and state accountability test score data to (1) provide a detailed description of the magnitude and trends of state-level academic achievement gaps among cohorts of students entering school in the 1990s and 2000s; (2) investigate the extent to…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Academic Achievement, National Competency Tests, Scores
