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Raykov, Tenko; Anthony, James C.; Menold, Natalja – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2023
The population relationship between coefficient alpha and scale reliability is studied in the widely used setting of unidimensional multicomponent measuring instruments. It is demonstrated that for any set of component loadings on the common factor, regardless of the extent of their inequality, the discrepancy between alpha and reliability can be…
Descriptors: Correlation, Evaluation Research, Reliability, Measurement Techniques
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2021
The population discrepancy between unstandardized and standardized reliability of homogeneous multicomponent measuring instruments is examined. Within a latent variable modeling framework, it is shown that the standardized reliability coefficient for unidimensional scales can be markedly higher than the corresponding unstandardized reliability…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Computation, Measures (Individuals), Research Problems
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2023
This article outlines a readily applicable procedure for point and interval estimation of the population discrepancy between reliability and the popular Cronbach's coefficient alpha for unidimensional multi-component measuring instruments with uncorrelated errors, which are widely used in behavioral and social research. The method is developed…
Descriptors: Measurement, Test Reliability, Measurement Techniques, Error of Measurement
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A.; Harrison, Michael; Menold, Natalja – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2019
This note confronts the common use of a single coefficient alpha as an index informing about reliability of a multicomponent measurement instrument in a heterogeneous population. Two or more alpha coefficients could instead be meaningfully associated with a given instrument in finite mixture settings, and this may be increasingly more likely the…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Test Reliability, Measures (Individuals), Computation
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2019
This note discusses the merits of coefficient alpha and their conditions in light of recent critical publications that miss out on significant research findings over the past several decades. That earlier research has demonstrated the empirical relevance and utility of coefficient alpha under certain empirical circumstances. The article highlights…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Test Reliability, Test Items, Correlation
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A.; Li, Tenglong – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2018
This note extends the results in the 2016 article by Raykov, Marcoulides, and Li to the case of correlated errors in a set of observed measures subjected to principal component analysis. It is shown that when at least two measures are fallible, the probability is zero for any principal component--and in particular for the first principal…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Error of Measurement, Correlation, Reliability
Raykov, Tenko; Goldammer, Philippe; Marcoulides, George A.; Li, Tatyana; Menold, Natalja – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2018
A readily applicable procedure is discussed that allows evaluation of the discrepancy between the popular coefficient alpha and the reliability coefficient of a scale with second-order factorial structure that is frequently of relevance in empirical educational and psychological research. The approach is developed within the framework of the…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Factor Structure, Statistical Analysis, Computation
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A.; Li, Tenglong – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2017
The measurement error in principal components extracted from a set of fallible measures is discussed and evaluated. It is shown that as long as one or more measures in a given set of observed variables contains error of measurement, so also does any principal component obtained from the set. The error variance in any principal component is shown…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Research Methodology, Psychometrics
Menold, Natalja; Raykov, Tenko – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2016
This article examines the possible dependency of composite reliability on presentation format of the elements of a multi-item measuring instrument. Using empirical data and a recent method for interval estimation of group differences in reliability, we demonstrate that the reliability of an instrument need not be the same when polarity of the…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Test Format, Test Items, Differences
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
A direct approach to point and interval estimation of Cronbach's coefficient alpha for multiple component measuring instruments is outlined. The procedure is based on a latent variable modeling application with widely circulated software. As a by-product, using sample data the method permits ascertaining whether the population discrepancy…
Descriptors: Computation, Statistical Analysis, Reliability, Models
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A.; Patelis, Thanos – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
A critical discussion of the assumption of uncorrelated errors in classical psychometric theory and its applications is provided. It is pointed out that this assumption is essential for a number of fundamental results and underlies the concept of parallel tests, the Spearman-Brown's prophecy and the correction for attenuation formulas as well as…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Correlation, Validity, Reliability
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
A latent variable modeling approach for scale reliability evaluation in heterogeneous populations is discussed. The method can be used for point and interval estimation of reliability of multicomponent measuring instruments in populations representing mixtures of an unknown number of latent classes or subpopulations. The procedure is helpful also…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Evaluation Methods, Measurement Techniques, Computation
Raykov, Tenko; Dimitrov, Dimiter M.; von Eye, Alexander; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2013
A latent variable modeling method for evaluation of interrater agreement is outlined. The procedure is useful for point and interval estimation of the degree of agreement among a given set of judges evaluating a group of targets. In addition, the approach allows one to test for identity in underlying thresholds across raters as well as to identify…
Descriptors: Interrater Reliability, Models, Statistical Analysis, Computation
Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2013
A latent variable modeling approach is outlined that can be used for meta-analysis of reliability coefficients of multicomponent measuring instruments. Important limitations of efforts to combine composite reliability findings across multiple studies are initially pointed out. A reliability synthesis procedure is discussed that is based on…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Reliability, Structural Equation Models, Error of Measurement
Dimitrov, Dimiter M.; Raykov, Tenko; AL-Qataee, Abdullah Ali – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
This article is concerned with developing a measure of general academic ability (GAA) for high school graduates who apply to colleges, as well as with the identification of optimal weights of the GAA indicators in a linear combination that yields a composite score with maximal reliability and maximal predictive validity, employing the framework of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Academic Ability, Aptitude Tests, High School Students