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Direct linkRaff, Lionel M. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2014
The fundamental criteria for chemical reactions to be spontaneous in a given direction are generally incorrectly stated as ?G < 0 or ?A < 0 in most introductory chemistry textbooks and even in some more advanced texts. Similarly, the criteria for equilibrium are also misstated as being ?G = 0 or ?A = 0. Following a brief review of the…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Scientific Concepts, Equations (Mathematics), Thermodynamics
