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Silverberg, Lee J.; Raff, Lionel M. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2015
Thermodynamic spontaneity-equilibrium criteria require that in a single-reaction system, reactions in either the forward or reverse direction at equilibrium be nonspontaneous. Conversely, the concept of dynamic equilibrium holds that forward and reverse reactions both occur at equal rates at equilibrium to the extent allowed by kinetic…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Thermodynamics, Scientific Concepts, College Science